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The last year of the Civil War, including Lincoln’s reelection, and the final battles west of Richmond which ended the Confederate Army's hopes of victory and the surrender at Appomattox.
After Lincoln’s reelection in November 1864, Booth devised a plan to kidnap the president and spirit him to Richmond, where he could be ransomed for some of the Confederate prisoners languishing in northern jails. Booth enlisted a group of friends from Washington to aid him in his attempt. That winter, Booth and his conspirators plotted a pair of elaborate plans to kidnap the president; the first involved capturing Lincoln in his box at Ford’s Theater and lowering the president to the stage with ropes. Booth ultimately gave up acting to focus on these schemes, and spent more than $10,000 (about $160,000 in 2019 money) to buy supplies to outfit his band of kidnappers. Neither of the kidnapping plans bore fruit—the second, a ploy on March 17 to capture Lincoln as he traveled in his carriage collapsed when the president changed his itinerary—and several of Booth’s conspirators ultimately left the group.
Appomattox: Victory, Defeat, and Freedom at the End of the Civil War [April 9, 1865] Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House evokes a highly gratifying image in the popular mind -- it was,
many believe, a moment that transcended politics, a moment of healing
The Richmond–Petersburg campaign(9 months, 2 weeks and 2 days) was a series of battles around Petersburg, Virginia, fought from June 15, 1864, to April 2, 1865,during the American Civil War. Although it is more popularly known as the siege of Petersburg.
Petersburg was crucial to the supply of Confederate Gen.Robert E. Lee's army and the Confederate capital of Richmond. Numerous raids were conducted and battles fought in attempts to cut off the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad. Many of these battles caused the lengthening of the trench lines. Causalities and loses: Union: 42,000 Confederates: 28,000
Did America's best days lie in the past or in the future?
For Robert E. Lee, it was the past, the era of the founding generation. The Union victory was one of might over right: the vast impersonal Northern war machine had worn down a valorous and unbowed South
For Ulysses S. Grant, it was the future, represented by Northern moral and material progress. The Union victory was one of right over wrong, a vindication of free society; for many African Americans, the surrender marked the dawn of freedom itself.
On the evening of April 11, the president stood on the White House balcony and delivered a speech to a small group gathered on the lawn. Two days earlier, Robert E. Lee had surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House, and after four long years of struggle it had become clear that the Union cause would emerge from the war victorious.
Lincoln’s speech that evening outlined some of his ideas about reconstructing the nation and bringing the defeated Confederate states back into the Union. Lincoln also indicated a wish to extend the franchise to some African-Americans—at the very least, those who had fought in the Union ranks during the war—and expressed a desire that the southern states would extend the vote to literate blacks, as well. Booth stood in the audience for the speech, and this notion seems to have amplified his rage at Lincoln. “That means nigger citizenship,” he told Lewis Powell, one of his band of conspirators. “Now, by God, I’ll put him through. That is the last speech he will ever make.”
#1 How to bring the Confederate states back into the union and how will the freedman be treated in the wake of Emancipation? (In emancipation there was a window of opportunity, during Reconstruction we see this window close)
#2 How drastic will the changes be in southern society?
#3 How will the South be told to change?
#4 Will recently freed African Americans achieve social and political equality? They are free, but what are the beyond free?
#5 What would the southern states have to give up?
#6 What would they have to promise in order to be restored to full political rights?
#7 What will be the Role of the federal government? It had expanded during the Civil War. What will its role continue to be?
#8 What is the consequence of competing ideas: Free slaves, republicans, democrats the battles play out in President vs. Congress (the first impeachment)
#9 What will be the relationship between the North and South? (This has a lot to do with how Reconstruction unfolds)
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