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The Impending Constitutional Crisis - President Johnson vs. Radical Republicans
The continuation of Lincoln's plans to reintegrate the South into the union was confronted
post-Civil War radical Republicans setting the stage for the vengeful impeachment of Lincoln's successor as president
FOUR STAGES OF RECONSTRUCTION
President Abraham Lincoln’s Plan(1863-1865)
President Andrew Johnson’s Plan(1865-1867)
Congressional Reconstruction(1867-1868)
Southern Reactions and Redemption (1868-1877)
The Mood Changes [December 1865]
Newly elected Southern Congressmen arrive in Washington ready to take their seats in the House and Senate.
The Radical Republicans form the Joint Committee on Reconstruction in (January of 1866). The purpose of this committee was to investigate what was going on the ground in the South and to investigate the necessities and needs of Reconstruction. They report back that the former Confederacy is unrepentant and unreconstructed .
During the 1866 congressional elections, President Johnson launched a multiple-city speaking campaign, dubbed “a swing around the circle,” in which he attempted to win support for his Reconstruction policies. The tour proved to be a failure, and the Republicans won majorities in both houses of Congress and set about enacting their own Reconstruction measures.
These acts divided the south into five military districts. Each district was placed under military leadership and new elections were held with voting only allowed by Congress' approved voters, which were mostly former slaves. Each state was also required to ratify the 13th and 14th Amendments after drafting new state constitutions.
Believing the Reconstruction Acts to be wrong and unconstitutional, Johnson repeatedly blocked their enforcement. He repeatedly gave pardons to ex-Rebels. He hampered military commanders' efforts to block the rise of Southern leaders to power. In frequent speeches and interviews, Johnson publicly expressed his defiance of the Radical Republicans. They knew that their program for reconstruction of the South could not succeed with Andrew Johnson in office.
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