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John Calhoun

Page history last edited by Mr. Hengsterman 5 years, 4 months ago

 

What So Proudly We Hailed - James Madison and The War of 1812
British harassment of American commerce on the high-seas leading to the Second War
for Independence and the development of a national identity

 

 

Calhoun serves as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina's 6th district

(March 4, 1811 – November 3, 1817)

 

 

1810-1811  Meanwhile, new members of Congress elected that year–led by Henry Clay (Kentucky) and John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) had begun to agitate for war, based on their indignation over British violations of maritime rights as well as Britain’s encouragement of Native American hostility against American expansion in the West.

 

 

 

Nascent Nationalism and Post War Expansion [1815 to 1825]

The War of 1812 stimulated America’s economic growth and gave birth to the

“American System,” leading to specialization and inter regional dependency.

 

Calhoun serves as a United States Secretary of War (December 8, 1817 – March 4, 1825)

 

 

 

John C. Calhoun  (South Carolina) supports the Tariff of 1816 The South believed that the development of a home market would help the U.S. economy which would benefit everyone…the protection – especially in the textile industry – led to the beginning of the factory system. 

 

John C. Calhoun  (South Carolina) proposes the Bonus Bill (1817). Its primary goal is to set aside money (1.5 million to states) made on stock sales from the Bank of the United States for internal improvements.  President Madison vetoed the bill because he believed in strict interpretation of the Constitution, and using federal money for internal improvements is not a power granted to the federal government in the Constitution.

 

 

 

 

 

Liberty and Power: Politics in the Age of Jackson [1828-1836]

Understanding Andrew Jackson, requires an ability to resist either vilification or veneration,

to see the man whole – his failings as well as his successes. 

 

 

Calhoun serves as Vice President of the United States (March 4, 1825 – December 28, 1832)

and then United States Senator from South Carolina (December 29, 1832 – March 3, 1843)

 

 

 

 

Tariff of Abominations (1828) raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South;  

South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights. It passed because New England favored high tariffs.   REVIEW STATES RIGHTS

 

 

Vice President John Calhoun and Nullification (1828)

 Calhoun anonymously published the essay South Carolina Exposition.  Calhoun proposed that each state in the union counter the tyranny of the majority by asserting the right to nullify an unconstitutional act of Congress. It was written in reaction to the Tariff of 1828, which he said placed the Union in danger and stripped the South of its rights. South Carolina had threatened to secede if the tariff was not revoked; Calhoun suggested state nullification as a more peaceful solution. President Jackson and C

 

 

 

“Slavery a Positive Good” - Southern Ideologies In Defense of Slavery 

In the antebellum period, pro-slavery forces moved from defending slavery

as a necessary evil to expounding it as a positive good

 


Faced with the need to protect their regions economy, and with the terror posed by Nat Turner (1831) and the Amistad case (1837) southerners abandon emancipation and begin to manufacture a pro-slave ideology to suit their ECONOMIC NEEDS and RACIAL FEARS

 

Amistad 2.jpg

 

 

On July 2, 1839, 53 captive Africans aboard the Amistad, a slave schooner, broke out of their chains and stealthily snuck up to the main deck, where they killed two crew members and disarmed the rest. Having thus seized control of the ship, they attempted to sail back to their homeland, only to be deceived into heading north instead of east. Over the next eight weeks, they traveled about 1,400 miles from Cuba to Long Island, New York, until the Navy picked them up and re-incarcerated them. 

 

 

 

"You see Senore Calderon there is a growing number of people is this part of the country that regard us in the south as not only geographically beneath them... they ignore the fact that slavery is so interwoven into the fabric of this society to destroy it would be to destroy us as a people...it's immoral, that is all they know... therefore so are we. Immoral and inferior. 

 

We are inferior in one area, we are not as proficient in the art of gain..we are not as wealthy as our northern neighbors. We are still struggling. Take away our life's blood now... we all know what happens then, north and south... they become the masters and we the slaves... BUT NO WITHOUT A FIGHT"

 

Ask yourself  Senore Calderon what court wants to be responsible for the spark that ignites the firestorm? What President wants to be in office when it comes crashing down around him? Certainly no court before this one. Certainly no President before this one.

 

So judge us not too harshly sir and bid her Majesty like because the real determination our courts and our President must make is not whether this rag tag group of Africans raises swords against their enemy, but rather - must we!

 

Image result for advantages North and South

 

 

 

Finally, after a prolonged legal fight pitting the sitting president against a former president, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered their freedom. Though unusual in the amount of attention it received, the Amistad was just one of hundreds of slave vessels on which uprisings occurred.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

South Carolina Senator John Calhoun (1837)   “Slavery a Positive Good”

 

"Compare his condition with the tenants of the poor houses in the more civilized portions of Europe. Look at the sick, and the old and infirm slave, on the one hand, in the midst of his family and friends, under the kind superintending care of his master and mistress, and compare it with the forlorn and wretched condition of the pauper in the poorhouse . ."

 

 

 

 

 

 

"A Hell of a Storm" -  The Impending Crisis of the Union  [1850 to 1854]

Piecing together the chaotic forces of expansion into America's western territories

and the divisive issue of slavery that dominated Antebellum politics. 

 

 

 

Related image

 

Calhoun served as United States Secretary of State (April 1, 1844 – March 10, 1845)  and then  

United States Senator from South Carolina (November 26, 1845 – March 31, 1850)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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