The Enrollment (Conscription) Act March 3, 1863  (the first military draft)

The U.S. Congress passes a conscription act that produces the first wartime draft of U.S. citizens in American history.

NYS 103rd Infantry Regiment "Seward Infantry"

Context: President Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 volunteers in April 1861. Lincoln gave a second call for an additional 42,000 men in May 1861.  In July 1861, the U.S. Congress sanctioned Lincoln's acts and authorized 500,000 additional volunteers. As the war dragged on and casualties mounted, the first military draft in American history was passed to enlist more manpower for the Union Army.

Total Casualties: April 1861 to March 1863: 152,572

Conscription: The first instance of compulsory service in the federal military services. All male citizens, as well as aliens who had declared their intention of becoming citizens, between 20 and 45 were at risk of being drafted. No married man could be drafted until all the unmarried had been taken. 

Conflict: Two methods of evading the draft were available. A man could hire a substitute who would serve in his place, or he could simply pay $300 to get out of the obligation.

Consequence:   Although only 46,000 the more than 750,000 drafted in 1863 and 1864, ever saw the battlefield, negative reaction led to the New York City draft riots (July 13–16, 1863) were violent disturbances widely regarded as the culmination of working-class discontent with new laws passed by Congress that year to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War.

Initially intended to express anger at the draft, the protests turned into a race riot, with white rioters, predominantly Irish immigrants, attacking black people throughout the city. The official death toll was nearly 120 individuals

The riots remain the largest civil and racially-charged insurrection in American history, aside from the Civil War itself.