Traders in the Wilderness - Dutch and Quaker New World Visions 

Openness, relative social mobility and benevolence toward Native Americans

promoted a diverse societies in the Middle Colonies

 

REVIEW: English Settlement Patterns

 

 

 

 

 

The coastal territory of between the Chesapeake and Long Island was the last to be settled by the English

 

Characteristics of the Middle Colonies: NY, PA, NJ, DE  

 

1. Excellent land for farming: region became known as the "bread colonies" for  exports of grain; also grew fruits and vegetables. 

 

2. Three rivers -- Susquehanna, Delaware, and Hudson -- tapped fur trade in the  interior. 

 

3. Less aristocratic than New England and the Southern colonies (except N.Y.) 

 

4. Fewer industries than New England; more than in the South  - Shipbuilding and lumbering also important (not as large-scale as New England) 
  
5. Population more ethnically mixed; religiously tolerant; democratically controlled,yet much factional conflict among groups.

 

 

 

 

NEW YORK and  THE RISE OF THE DUTCH IN NORTH AMERICA

 

RE-SET The Dutch in North America from Time Period #1 

Henry Hudson, Englishman employed by Dutch East India Co., sailed into Delaware & NY bays in 1609 and traveled up Hudson River.

http://www.henryhudson400.com/home.php

 

Established by Dutch West India Company for quick-profit fur trade and purchased Manhattan Island from Indians for about $30
                

New Amsterdam -- later NYC -- founded as a company town -- sea port.

Patroonship  (Aristocratic structure; resembled serfdom)            

A landholder in New Netherland who,under Dutch colonial rule,was granted proprietary and manorial rights to a large tract of land in exchange

for bringing 50 new settlers to the colony.  (One in Albany larger than Rhode Island!) 

 

 

1624
The first Dutch settlement was established New Netherlands founded in 1623-1624 by Peter Minuit 

 

1664
The British army conquered the colony of New Netherland, which was then re-named New York, in honor of the Duke of York.

 

 

 

 

 

 

NEW JERSEY
Started in 1664 as Quaker settlement; 2 proprietors received area  from Duke of York (the future king of England).
In 1702  the two Jerseys were combined as one royal colony.

 

 

DELAWARE

 

The Swedes had planted a small colony of New Sweden along the Delaware river valley

 

Granted its own assembly in 1703 and contained large Quaker population

Remained under the governor of Pennsylvania until the American Revolution

 

The Delaware settlements were passed onto Quaker William Penn

 

 

 

QUAKERS in England emerged during mid-1600's (Religious Society of Friends)
founder George Fox is pictured above
 

George Fox and his "Society of Friends" were  persecuted by the English Church and state and refused to support Anglican Church with taxes

 

Believed in an "inner light," not scripture or hierarchy, and saw all men as equal in God's eyes. Quakers were pacifists who refused military service. The were also advocates passive resistance.

 

 

  The Landing of William Penn, depicting the founder's arrival at New Castle, depicts Native Americans
clothed in the tradition of tribes who lived in the Great Plains.

 

 

 

 (1644  to 1718)

 

WILLIAM PENN - 1681, gained huge grant from the king in return for money owed to his father.

 

Primary motive or founding colony was to create a Haven for Quakers

 

Secondary motives: Experiment with liberal ideas in gov't while making a profit.

 

"Holy Experiment" -- Religious toleration among many denominations.  Pennsylvania became best advertised of all colonies:  Pamphlets distributed in England, Netherlands, France, & Germany.  Promised land, freedom of religion, and representative government and these generous land policies attracted many immigrants
 

Also attracted carpenters, masons, shoemakers, and other manual workers

 

Penn (an aristocrat who converted) became an influential Quaker figure as he tried to achieve religious toleration through political action  By the 1750’s, Pennsylvania had become an ethnically and religiously diverse society, rather than a consensual one, with a commercial society similar to that of Boston

 

 

William Penn and the creation of Philadelphia 

 

 

 

 

 

 

How was Penn's Holy Experiment similar to what John Winthrop and the Puritans attempted to create in the Massachusetts Bay Colony? 

Like Winthrop in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Penn hoped to create a consensual society around his model city of Philadelphia

 

Like New England, Pennsylvania retained a core of Quaker idealism when building their community