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Spanish- French - Dutch in the New World

Page history last edited by Mr. Hengsterman 10 years, 6 months ago

1.2 APUSH Talking Points

Early European Settlement Spain, France, and the Netherlands

 

PBS: When Worlds Collide (Clip #1)  and  PBS When Worlds Collide (Clip #2)

 

 

Spain secured its claim to Columbus’s discovery in the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), dividing with Portugal the “heathen lands” of the New World.

The lion’s share went to Spain, but Portugal received compensating territory in Africa and Asia, as well as title to lands that one day would be Brazil

 

 

 

SPANISH EXPLORATION and EXTRACTION  (MAP OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT)

Spaniards attempt to repeat earlier patterns of settlement by the Conquistadors. The need for formal government was eventually necessary and they imposed the old order (Viceroys) and a caste system developed

 

STAGES: (Maturation from extraction to settlement)

Enslavement
Dislocation

Confrontation

 

Spain mismanaged its wealth and declining profits diminished interest in settlement

 

INDIANS

Haciendas were large estates were Native Americans were forced in service
 

Church works to Christianize the Indians (God, Gold, Glory)

 

EXTRACTION

Too much gold is like too much birthday cake!!!

American wealth in Spain drives prices up 300 to 500%

Getting gold to Europe was not easy

 

 

 

CONFRONTATION

Disease crippled the Native American populations – No defense/immunity build up to small pox, measles, typhoid, whopping cough, dysentery, Cholera, and self inflicted Alcoholism

 

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, or Popé's Rebellion, was an uprising of most of the Pueblo Indians against the Spanish colonizers in  present day New Mexico.The Pueblo killed 400 Spanish and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province. Twelve years later the Spanish returned and were able to reoccupy New Mexico with little opposition.

 

The misdeeds of the Spanish in the New World led to the birth of the “Black Legend.”  This false concept stated that the conquerors just tortured and killed the Indians, stole their gold, infected them with smallpox, and left little but misery behind.

 

 

By the numbers: Due to Spanish rule, the Indian population in Mexico went from 20 million to 2 million in less than a century!!!!

 

 

 

 

OMIT READING: Disease and Depopulation in Colonial Spanish America

 

Spanish Conquistadors
The Renaissance & Elizabethan Age of Exploration to the New World was dominated by the Spanish Conquistadors. The success of the Spanish Conquistadors in acquiring monopolies on much of the Eastern spice trade and their expeditions to the New World brought great wealth and power to Spain. The new discoveries made by the Spanish Conquistadors brought untold riches in terms of gold and silver and spices and it also brought power and influence...

 

The Motives of the Spanish Conquistadors
The motives of the Spanish Conquistadors and their patrons were prompted by:

  • Wealth - gold, silver and spices
  • Power
  • Prestige
  • Increasing opportunities for Spanish trade 

 

 

 

 

CASE STUDY:  Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés arrived in Tenochtitlan on November 8, 1519. At this time it is believed that the city was amongst the largest in the world alongside Paris and Constantinople. The most common estimates put the population at around 200,000 to 300,000 people. Aztec ruler Moctezuma II, thinking Cortés to be the returning god Quetzalcoatl, welcomed him with great pomp. Some of the conquistadors had traveled as widely as Venice and Constantinople, and many said that Tenochtitlan was as large and fine a city as any they had seen.

 

Guided Reading Chapter 1 Question 10  Were the conquistadors' motives successfully fulfilled?  Explain.

 

 

SPANISH SNAP SHOT

Mobile as a result of the horse

 

Economic wealth and shipping

 

Non-military technology - iron tipped plow, windmill, and water wheel. The Spanish employed fewer resources in farming and more resources into science and engineering, writing and improved military technology.

 

 

 

 

FRANCE in the New WORLD   (MAP OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT)

 

France emerged from a Civil War in the 16th century to European masters in the 17th century   -  Emergence of Protestant vs. Catholic majority

 

Attempted to emulate profitability of early Spanish settlement by subsidizing their own voyages of exploration

 

End of 1500 expeditions set French contact along the coast of Canada and upper Mississippi

 

1608 Champlain first significant settlement. St. Lawrence tries to exploit the fur trade

 

1862 deLaSalle explores the Gulf coast and the mouth of the Mississippi

 

French did not succeed in creating strong settler society    WHY NOT?

 

Primary activity was religious

Government saw only minimal returns from Colonization

Forbade emigration of religious dissidents – Huguenots

Unable to support/ fund addition exploration 

 

 

 

DUTCH SETTLEMENT in the NEW WORLD   (MAP OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT)

 

 

 

 

17th century became a major world commercial power

 

Dutch East India Company organizes exploration of Hudson River in 1609 leads to the settlement of New Netherlands

 

Immediate Goal: Exploitation of the fur trade in the woodland interior

 

New Netherlands become the most culturally and ethnically diverse settlement in North America (Immigrants, religious toleration, and women’s rights)

 

Henry Hudson was a veteran English navigator whose goal was to search for the Northwest Passage

 

1644 18 different languages spoke on the streets of North America

 

 

http://ahistoryofnewyork.com/2011/09/new-york-exceptionalism/

 

 

 

 

POST SCRIPT

Summary of relations between the three major colonial powers in America and the Native Americans

 

#1 The Spainish sought to Christianize and control the Amerindians

        -- Encomienda system: forced labor in towns

        -- Hacienda system: forced labor in the countryside

        -- Mission system: forced conversion to Catholicism

 

#2 The French sought to establish strong trade relations with the Indians; Jesuits sought  to convert them.

 

# 3 The English settlers often sought to either move Indians westward or annihilate them

 

 

 

 

http://www.history2u.com/book1_discovery.htm

 

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