1.2 APUSH Talking Points
Early European Settlement Spain, France, and the Netherlands
PBS: When Worlds Collide (Clip #1) and PBS When Worlds Collide (Clip #2)
Spain secured its claim to Columbus’s discovery in the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), dividing with Portugal the “heathen lands” of the New World.
The lion’s share went to Spain, but Portugal received compensating territory in Africa and Asia, as well as title to lands that one day would be Brazil
SPANISH EXPLORATION and EXTRACTION (MAP OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT)
Spaniards attempt to repeat earlier patterns of settlement by the Conquistadors. The need for formal government was eventually necessary and they imposed the old order (Viceroys) and a caste system developed
STAGES: (Maturation from extraction to settlement)
Enslavement
Dislocation
Confrontation
Spain mismanaged its wealth and declining profits diminished interest in settlement
INDIANS
Haciendas were large estates were Native Americans were forced in service
Church works to Christianize the Indians (God, Gold, Glory)
EXTRACTION
Too much gold is like too much birthday cake!!!
American wealth in Spain drives prices up 300 to 500%
Getting gold to Europe was not easy
CONFRONTATION
Disease crippled the Native American populations – No defense/immunity build up to small pox, measles, typhoid, whopping cough, dysentery, Cholera, and self inflicted Alcoholism
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, or Popé's Rebellion, was an uprising of most of the Pueblo Indians against the Spanish colonizers in present day New Mexico.The Pueblo killed 400 Spanish and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province. Twelve years later the Spanish returned and were able to reoccupy New Mexico with little opposition.
The misdeeds of the Spanish in the New World led to the birth of the “Black Legend.” This false concept stated that the conquerors just tortured and killed the Indians, stole their gold, infected them with smallpox, and left little but misery behind.
By the numbers: Due to Spanish rule, the Indian population in Mexico went from 20 million to 2 million in less than a century!!!!
OMIT READING: Disease and Depopulation in Colonial Spanish America
Spanish Conquistadors
The Renaissance & Elizabethan Age of Exploration to the New World was dominated by the Spanish Conquistadors. The success of the Spanish Conquistadors in acquiring monopolies on much of the Eastern spice trade and their expeditions to the New World brought great wealth and power to Spain. The new discoveries made by the Spanish Conquistadors brought untold riches in terms of gold and silver and spices and it also brought power and influence...
The Motives of the Spanish Conquistadors
The motives of the Spanish Conquistadors and their patrons were prompted by:
- Wealth - gold, silver and spices
- Power
- Prestige
- Increasing opportunities for Spanish trade
CASE STUDY: Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés arrived in Tenochtitlan on November 8, 1519. At this time it is believed that the city was amongst the largest in the world alongside Paris and Constantinople. The most common estimates put the population at around 200,000 to 300,000 people. Aztec ruler Moctezuma II, thinking Cortés to be the returning god Quetzalcoatl, welcomed him with great pomp. Some of the conquistadors had traveled as widely as Venice and Constantinople, and many said that Tenochtitlan was as large and fine a city as any they had seen.
Guided Reading Chapter 1 Question 10 Were the conquistadors' motives successfully fulfilled? Explain.
SPANISH SNAP SHOT
Mobile as a result of the horse
Economic wealth and shipping
Non-military technology - iron tipped plow, windmill, and water wheel. The Spanish employed fewer resources in farming and more resources into science and engineering, writing and improved military technology.
FRANCE in the New WORLD (MAP OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT)
France emerged from a Civil War in the 16th century to European masters in the 17th century - Emergence of Protestant vs. Catholic majority
Attempted to emulate profitability of early Spanish settlement by subsidizing their own voyages of exploration
End of 1500 expeditions set French contact along the coast of Canada and upper Mississippi
1608 Champlain first significant settlement. St. Lawrence tries to exploit the fur trade
1862 deLaSalle explores the Gulf coast and the mouth of the Mississippi
French did not succeed in creating strong settler society WHY NOT?
Primary activity was religious
Government saw only minimal returns from Colonization
Forbade emigration of religious dissidents – Huguenots
Unable to support/ fund addition exploration
DUTCH SETTLEMENT in the NEW WORLD (MAP OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT)
17th century became a major world commercial power
Dutch East India Company organizes exploration of Hudson River in 1609 leads to the settlement of New Netherlands
Immediate Goal: Exploitation of the fur trade in the woodland interior
New Netherlands become the most culturally and ethnically diverse settlement in North America (Immigrants, religious toleration, and women’s rights)
Henry Hudson was a veteran English navigator whose goal was to search for the Northwest Passage
1644 18 different languages spoke on the streets of North America
http://ahistoryofnewyork.com/2011/09/new-york-exceptionalism/
POST SCRIPT
Summary of relations between the three major colonial powers in America and the Native Americans
#1 The Spainish sought to Christianize and control the Amerindians
-- Encomienda system: forced labor in towns
-- Hacienda system: forced labor in the countryside
-- Mission system: forced conversion to Catholicism
#2 The French sought to establish strong trade relations with the Indians; Jesuits sought to convert them.
# 3 The English settlers often sought to either move Indians westward or annihilate them
http://www.history2u.com/book1_discovery.htm
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