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The men who made up the Supreme Court when Earl Warren was Chief Justice (1953-69) changed America forever, and their decisions are still affecting constitutional law today. This overview of the Warren Court focuses on its landmark cases and enduring legacy.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954,) Unanimous decision declaring "separate but equal" unconstitutional. The decision overturned earlier rulings going back to Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966). The court ruled that those subjected to in-custody interrogation be advised of their constitutional right to an attorney and their right to remain silent.
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) The Court found high school antiwar protests (Vietnam), including the wearing of black armbands, to be protected free speech, holding that students do not shed their freedom of expression “at the schoolhouse gate.”
New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) Freedom of the press versus executive power in the case involving publication of the Pentagon Papers which revealed “…the workings of the government that led to the Vietnam War…” Denied power of the President to halt the publication of news (prior restraint) which violated the 1st Amendment.
Roe v. Wade (1973) Abortion rights; right to privacy. The Court ruled that the fetus was not a person with constitutional rights; right to privacy in the 14th Amendment’s due process guarantee of personal liberty protected a woman’s right to choose.
United States v. Nixon (1974) Separation of powers; confidentiality of presidential communications; executive privilege. The Court ruled that the President could not justify an absolute executive privilege of immunity from judicial demands for evidence in a criminal trial.
The Supreme Court, under the leadership of Earl Warren, became a liberal defender of people’s rights. They ruled against segregation, for the rights of people accused of crimes (most famously Miranda v. Arizona). The court also ruled that congressional voting districts should be more representative and equal, known as “one man one vote”.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954,) Unanimous decision declaring "separate but equal" unconstitutional. The decision overturned earlier rulings going back to Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896.
Engel v. Vitale (1962)The Supreme Court declared a state could not require school children to say a specific prayer.
Escobedo v. Illinois (1964). Ruled that a defendant must be allowed access to a lawyer before questioning by police.
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) struck down a state law that banned the use of contraceptives, even by married couples, creating a "right to privacy."
Miranda v. Arizona (1966). The court ruled that those subjected to in-custody interrogation be advised of their constitutional right to an attorney and their right to remain silent.
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