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Between 1600-1675, New England's Native American population fell from 140,000 to 10,000, while the English population grew to about 70,000 English settlers in 100 towns in New England.
Q? Why did the New England Colonies grow and flourish?
Point #1 High birth rate (7-8 children), and low infant mortality rate
Point #2 Healthy environment (Compare to situation in the South)
Point #3 Settlers benefitted from migrating as families and settling in towns (Compare to situation in the South)
Q: How does growth of the New England Colonies lead to “an uneasy coexistence”
Point #1 Only 20% of the land in good for farming – Why is this a problem? The Plymouth Indians were hemmed in by settlers and losing their land—their only resource—to the settlers’ cattle grazing
Point #2 All the children that are born in the 1630s and 1640s are coming of age in the 1660’s and 1670’s and they want land to farm
Point #3 Natives are facing economic problems of their own. Fur trade had dried up; The Indians are hemmed in on all sides in Plymouth (other tribes have access out)
Q? Describe the relationship between Native Americans and New England communities between 1630 and 1670.
Relations between the Native populations and English settlers were relatively stable WHY?
Point #1Mutually beneficial trade agreements (mostly in fur trade)
Point #2Settler population still relatively small, Disputes over land are rare.
Q? Why were there rising tensions between Natives and settlers?
Point #1 White encroachment leads to rising anger among SOME of the Indian tribes - some tribes had Peace Accords and reciprocal trade agreements. - There were intertribal rivalries.
Point #2 New England Puritans launched a campaign to convert the Indians to Protestantism. One leading missionary convinced about 2000 Indians to live in "praying towns," where they were expected to adopt white customs.
Praying towns were developed by the Puritans of New England from 1646 to 1675 in an effort to convert the local Native American tribes to Christianity. The Natives who moved into these towns were known as Praying Indians. New Spain and Missionary Work
Point #3 Native Americans resent whites and the impact their presence had on their lives
(NEW ENGLAND) Pequot War (1636-1637) In the 17th century the Pequot tribe, rival of the Narragansett, was centered along the Thames River in present-day southeast Connecticut. As the colonists expanded westward, friction began to develop. Points of tension included unfair trading, the sale of alcohol, destruction of Pequot crops by colonial cattle and competition over hunting grounds.
Puritans used Biblical passages to justify extermination of the Pequots and set an unfortunate precedent by ignoring the conventions of European warfare to punitively devastate the homes and lives of men, women and children.
By summer’s end, most remaining Pequots either captured, sold as slaves to West Indies, or fled for shelter to their former enemies.
Despite Puritan victory over Indians, New England colonies realized collective security was necessary for future defense. Connecticut towns sent 90 men who opted to attack a smaller village of non-combatants where 400 Indian men, women and children were slain.
Over the course of the Pequot War (from 1636-1638), over 1500 Pequots were killed, enslaved or placed under various local tribes. Several skirmishes and battles at battlefield sites took the lives of Pequot men, women and children.
King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity - [Legacy] A violent and bloody war shattered a half a century of peace in New England and economically and spiritually devastated Native Americans
(NEW ENGLAND) King Philip’s War (1675) - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion. Wampanoag leader organized neighboring tribes to attack settlements in 1675, resulting in 1000 white and 4500 Indian deaths
King Philip’s War has been called United States’ most devastating conflict. One in 10 soldiers on both sides was killed, 1,200 colonists’ homes were burned, and vast stores of foodstuffs destroyed. The effects of the carnage and property damage were felt for years by colonists. The war’s ramifications for Native populations of southern New England included not only loss of life and, for some, enslavement but the continued erosion of sovereignty, land rights, and communities as well.
How is King Philips War remembered?
1676 - King Philip is remembered as a savage who loved war and celebrated brutal conquest
1776 - Redcoats for Redskins – The enemy is now the British and we must take up arms against them like we did against KP and the Indian alliances
1814 -King Philip is remembered as the quintessential American Hero, gallant and proud. He fought to free his people from tyranny. He is on par with George Washington. He is model for Americans to follow. [People loved reading about this was as much as they love reading about the Civil War today]
1829 - The Most popular play of the day Metamora; or, The Last of the Wampanoags is a play originally starring Edwin Forrest. The play was written in 1829 by John Augustus Stone It was first performed December 15, 1829, at the Park Theater in New York City.
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