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Antebellum Rise of the North (Industry) and South (Agriculture)
Why the Growth???
Immigration and Natural Growth
1820-1830 – more natural growth – only ½ million immigrants
1830-1850 – 4 million immigrants (GB, Ireland, Germany)
Why did they leave?
Famine in Ireland, bad conditions, political revolution, economic depression, growing European population
Where did they settle ?
Mainly in Northeastern cities and Northwestern farms (stayed out of the south because you had to have a lot of money to make it in the south, not many jobs – made more sense to stay north)
Were they welcome ? (Not really and not always)
Business owners welcomed the influx of cheap labor but most others didn’t want them here
they thought that the immigrants were bad for the country
“Native” Americans (NOT INDIANS!!!!) were primarily WASP (White Anglo-Saxon Protestant)
A big portion of the immigrants were Catholic. -“Natives” blamed the Catholics for an increase in political corruption – will the Pope take over????
Social disorder - all immigrants did was drink and steal. We even saw an organized Anti-Immigrant movement. Began as the secret society – Order of the Star Spangled Banner
Developed into a political party - American Party AKA the Know – Nothing Party
The South and the Peculiar Institution. Economic, social and political development of the South was shaped by large-scale plantation agriculture. The opening of lands west of the Appalachians and South of the Ohio kept slavery going and growing.
Cotton Kingdom
Slavery may have continued to decline had cotton not become the way of life after 1812
Cotton Culture and Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin - Cotton was in great demand – especially in Great Britain. The #1 industry in GB was producing finished products from raw cotton (the best cotton was the long fiber cotton grown on the coast, but the shorter fiber cotton was the kind that grew well west of the Appalachians). it is harder to remove from the short fiber without ruining the cotton
1793 – Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, a machine that could easily remove the seed without damaging the cotton fiber. When the plantations moved west to the land the cotton could grow on 2 things happened: #1 need to move the Indians on the land #2 need for more slaves
The cotton gin could process raw cotton quicker. If you can process more – you can grow more if you can grow more – you can make more $$$$$. To grow more you need more land and you need more labor
A domestic slave trade developed - people from the Upper South moved or they sold their slaves to people in the Deep South.
Between 1840-1860 – 400,000 slaves moved from the Upper South to the Deep South. The rest were the result of natural population growth
Slave Revolts 1831- Nat Turner Insurrection (South Hampton County, VA). Turner – a slave but also very
Intelligent, Skilled, Religious had visions of “white spirits and black spirits” that were always engaged in battle. He believed he was “ordained for some great purpose in the hands of the almighty”
August 1831 – Turner and a group of slaves “wanted to carry terror & devastation throughout the country” 55 whites had been murdered and 55 blacks were killed in the aftermath.
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