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Civil War Battles

Page history last edited by Mr. Hengsterman 5 years, 2 months ago

Civil War Battles and Highlights 
Video: The Civil War in 4 minutes

 

 

 

EVENT   DATE  LOCATION   SIGNIFICANCE 
Lincoln elected president  November 1860  Washington,
DC 
 Though winning in the electoral college, Lincoln's lack of a popular majority (1.9 million out of 4.7 million votes cast) is an indication of the problems he would face with a divided nation
South Carolina secedes December 1860 South Carolina  On news of Lincoln's election, South Carolina (site of nullification fight in 1830s) secedes
Confederacy formed February 1861 Montgomery, Alabama  Seven states form Confederacy, write their own constitution, and plan for an independent nation
 Lincoln inaugurated  March 1861  Washington, D.C.  Lincoln enters Washington D.C. in disguise because of unrest. Southerners begin seizing federal posts.
Ft. Sumter attacked April 1861 Charleston, South Carolina Lincoln decides to supply Ft. Sumter, but wants the South to fire the first shot.
Bull Run (Manassas), 1st battle July 21, 1861 Northern Virginia  Gen. McDowell leads 30,000 men against Gen. Johnston's 22,000 Southern troops in an attempt to crush the rebels and go "On to Richmond." South scores victory as Union troops flee back to Washington in disarray. McDowell replaced by Gen. McClellan
 Ft. Henry & Ft. Donelson  February 1862  Tennessee rivers  Gen. Grant captures two forts on the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers. Confederates forced out of Kentucky and yield much of Tennessee
 Monitor vs. Merrimac  March 1862  Off Hampton Roads, Virginia  First ironclad battle in history ends in a draw as the Merrimac withdraws after daylong exchange of fire. Union blockade of South is maintained

Shiloh (Pittsburgh Landing)

April 1862

Tennessee

 Grant overcomes Southern forces with heavy losses for each side: 13,000 Union casualties, 11,000 for South

Peninsular Campaign (Yorktown, Seven Days' Battle, Fair Oaks)

March-July 1862

Southern Virginia

After continual prodding by Lincoln, McClellan decides to attack Richmond via the South. He moves his large army down the Potomac, marches on Richmond, and then assumes a defensive position rather than pushing for victory. Gen. Lee takes command of Southern troops

Bull Run (Manassas) 2nd battle

August 1862

Northern Virginia

McClellan replaced by Gen. Pope. Lee and Gen. Stonewall Jackson defeat Union troops again at Manassas and Pope is replaced by McClellan

Antietam

September 1862

Maryland

Heavily outnumbered, Lee's troops face McClellan in bloody fighting. Over 23,000 casualties (more than all previous American wars combined). Lee retreats to Virginia

Emancipation Proclamation

September 23, 1862

Washington, D.C.

With victory at Antietam, Lincoln announces that on 1/1/63, all slaves in the rebelling states would be free. Does not affect border states. Forces European nations to recognize that choosing sides in the Civil War is to take a stand on slavery 

Fredericksburg

December 1862

Central Virginia

Gen. Burnside attacks Lee's fortified position and suffers 10,000 casualties (to Lee's 5000).

Chancellorsville

May 1863

Northern Virginia

Gen. Hooker defeated by Lee, but Jackson is mistakenly shot by his own men and killed. 

 

Vicksburg

July 1863

Mississippi

After a long siege, Vicksburg surrenders to Grant. All of Mississippi River is now in Union control

Gettysburg

July 1863

Pennsylvania

Over 165,000 soldiers participate in the largest battle in the Western Hemisphere. After three days of fighting, Lee retreats, leaving 4,000 dead Confederates. Total casualties: 23,000 Union, 28,000 Confederates

       

Chattanooga

November 1863

Tennessee

Reinforced with troops from the East, Grant is able to push Southern troops back and prepare for assault on Atlanta and the heart of the Confederacy

Grant promoted to Lt. General and given command of all Union troops

March 1864

Washington, D.C.

Grant prepares for assault on Richmond. When Lincoln's Cabinet complains that Grant is a drunk and seeks to interfere with his command, Lincoln gives him unconditional support and asks not to notified of his plans.

Wilderness & Spotsylvania

May 1864

Central Virginia

Lee stops Union troops at the Wilderness, but Grant resumes march to Richmond. Though suffering huge losses (55,000 men to South's 31,000), Grant states "I propose to fight on this line if it takes all summer"

       

Petersburg

June 1864--April 1865

South of Richmond, Virginia

Grant focuses on important railroad junction and communication outside Richmond. Long siege of Petersburg begins with troops living in trenches which stretched for 50 miles

Atlanta to Savannah

September-December 1864

Georgia

Gen. Sherman destroys Atlanta and then sends troops on 300 mile destructive march to the sea. Railroads torn up, buildings destroyed, crops burned in an attempt to break the will of the South. Sherman’s “total war” is part of an all-inclusive conflict designed to destroy southern will!!!

 

Lincoln elected to a Second Term

November 1864

US

Lincoln got 55% of the popular vote and 212 electoral votes

Republicans made sure the Union soldiers had a chance to vote, which put Lincoln over the top

 

“With malice toward none…” Lincoln appealed to the country to not seek revenge

Lee surrenders

April 9, 1865

Appomattox Court House, Virginia

Lee, refusing to see his troops suffer any further, surrenders to Grant. Southern troops given generous terms of surrender 

Lincoln assassinated

April 14, 1865

Ford's Theatre

Lincoln was shot while attending a performance of Our American Cousin Lincoln died the following day—April 15, 1865—at 7:22 A.M

 

 

SOURCE

http://www.polytechnic.org/faculty/gfeldmeth/USHistory.html

 

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