1842
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Commonwealth v. Hunt
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Legalized by in 1842, labor unions tended to be small and limited to skilled trades
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1877
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Munn v. Illionis
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RRDs discriminated against farmers, so IL passed pro-farming legislation in the Grange Laws. This was challenged by the corporations, but the SC ruled in favor of state regulation b/c it had a direct effect on the general public.
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1877
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Great Railroad Strike
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July, 1877 - A large number of railroad workers went on strike because of wage cuts. After a month of strikes, President Hayes sent troops to stop the rioting. The worst railroad violence was in Pittsburgh, with over 40 people killed by militia men.
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1886
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Haymarket Square Riot
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100,000 workers rioted in Chicago. After the police fired into the crowd, the workers met and rallied in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality. A bomb exploded, killing or injuring many of the police. The Chicago workers and the man who set the bomb were immigrants, so the incident promoted anti-immigrant feelings.
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1886
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Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific RR Co. v. IL
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Reversal of 1877 decision, only the federal gov’t was declared able to regulate interstate commerce.
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1892
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Homestead Strike
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The workers at a steel plant in Pennsylvania went on strike, forcing the owner to close down. Armed guards were hired to protect the building. The strikers attacked for five months, then gave in to peace demands.
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1894
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Pullman Strike
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Chicago temporarily stopped railroad traffic and required federal intervention. American Railway Union led by Eugene Debs, they started the Pullman strike, composed mostly of railroad workers.
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1869
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Knights of Labor
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Sought to create one big union of all workers, skilled and unskilled. Opposed to strikes
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1886
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American Federation of Labor (AFL)
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(1886). Organized by Samuel Gompers. Focused on higher wages, shorter hours, and safer working conditions
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1887
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Interstate Commerce Act
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it forbid Railroads to form pooling agreements to charge more for a short haul than for a long haul under the same conditions and same traffic to grant rebates - initially ineffective
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1890
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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it made illegal “every contract, combination in the form of a trust or otherwise or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce among several states or with a foreign nation” it authorized prosecutions by the federal district attorneys and suits for damages by any individual or firm injured by a company in violation of the Act’s provisions
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1892
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American Railway Union and Eugene Debs
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Socialist approach that viewed government and owners as enemies of workers
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1895
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US v. EC Knight Co.
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Sugar company had monopolized industry, so Cleveland ordered a case against the trust, but the SC ruled that the sugar people were in manufacturing, not commerce, so it was okay.
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1902
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Anthracite Coal Strike
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Strike by the United Mine workers in the anthracite coal fields of Pennsylvania. President Roosevelt intervened on the labor dispute as an neutral arbitrator
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1935
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The Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act)
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The Magna Carta of Labor because it ensured workers’ rights to organize and bargain collectively
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1935
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Congress of Industrial Workers (CIO)
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Led by John L. Lewis the CIO organized unskilled and semiskilled workers in basic manufacturing industries such as steel and automobiles.
AFL favored the organization of workers according to their skills and trades. The CIO favored the organization of all workers in a particular industry.
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1947
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The Taft-Hartley (Management Relations Act of 1947)
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Whereas the Wagner Act had spoken only of the right to participate in union activities, The new act included the right to refrain from union activities.
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